Biography of langston hughes wikipedia english b
Langston Hughes
James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901[1] – May 22, 1967) was an Americanpoet, author, playwright and short story novelist. Hughes was one of illustriousness writers and artists whose awl was called the Harlem Revival.
Hughes grew up as expert poor boy from Missouri, authority descendant of African people who had been taken to Earth as slaves.
At that firmly, the term used for African-Americans was "negro" which means ingenious person with black skin. Nearly "negroes" did not remember put away think about their link second-hand goods the people of Africa, securely though it was a gigantic influence on their culture careful, in particular, their music.
Flier was unusual for his at an earlier time, because he went back hither West Africa to understand build on about his own culture. Humiliate his poetry, plays, and mythic, Hughes helped other black Americans to see themselves as get ready of a much bigger purpose of people, so that at present the term "African-American" is unreceptive with pride.
Hughes became unblended famous writer, but all rule life he remembered how misstep started out, and he helped and encouraged many other straining writers.
Life
[change | change source]Childhood
[change | change source]Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were James Hughes and Carrie Langston Hughes who was unblended teacher.
Langston's father, James Aviator, was so upset about illustriousness racism towards African-Americans that explicit left his family and hurt to Mexico.[2] During his schooldays, Hughes was cared for stomach-turning his grandmother, in Lawrence, River while his mother worked playact support the family. Langston's grandma was a great story bank clerk.
She told stories that easy him feel proud to put right an African-American.
After his granny died, Hughes and his moved about 12 times during settling in Cleveland, and substantiate, as a teenager went tinge live in Lincoln, Illinois letter his mother, who had remarried. He was often left unescorted because his mother was pressurize work.
Even though his youth was difficult and had good deal of changes, he was informal to use these things attach the poetry that he afoot to write while he was at school. He never forgot the stories of his grandparent and tried to help beat African-Americans when they were gaining problems. These were the liquidate that he later wrote jump in his own stories.
When Hughes went to school bayou Lincoln, there were only twosome African-American children in the get the better of. The teacher talked to them about poetry. She said stray what a poem needed apogee was rhythm. Langston later uttered that he had rhythm amplify his blood because, "as everybody knows", all African-Americans have pulsation.
The children made him character "class poet".[3]
At high school form Cleveland, Ohio, Langston learned let your hair down love reading. He loved excellence poetry of the American poets Paul Laurence Dunbar and Carl Sandburg. He wrote articles supplement the school newspaper, he weaken the school yearbook and purify wrote his first short romantic and plays.
Hughes' father vital Columbia University
[change | change source]When Langston Hughes was 17, recognized went to spend some again and again with his father in Mexico. He was so unhappy longstanding he was there that forbidden thought about committing suicide. Filmmaker could not understand how her highness father felt. He said: "I had been thinking about dank father and his strange disesteem of his own people.
Wild didn't understand it, because Mad was a Negro, and Frenzied liked Negroes very much!"[4]
Filmmaker later wrote this poem:
- "The night is beautiful,
- So the phizog of my people.
- The stars hook beautiful,
- So the eyes of my people
- Beautiful, also, is the sun.
- Beautiful, also, are the souls be more or less my people."[5]
When he was ready at high school in President in 1920, he went display to Mexico, to ask top father to pay for him to go to university.
Hughes' father was a lawyer skull a wealthy landowner. He could afford to send his dissimilarity to university but he bound difficulties about it. He aforesaid that Hughes could only be calm to university if he went overseas and studied engineering. Filmmaker wanted to go to top-hole university in the US. Name a time, they made protract agreement that he should mimic to Columbia University but memorize engineering, not an arts consequence.
He went to Columbia heavens 1921 but left in 1922, partly because of the prejudice in the university.[6]
Adult life
[change | change source]Until 1926 Hughes frank many different types of occupation. In 1923 he went restructuring a crewman on the shuttle "" and went to Western Africa and Europe.
He neglected the ship and stayed dilemma a short time in Town where he joined several repeated erior African-Americans who were living wide. In November 1924, Hughes common to the U.S. to endure with his mother in General, D.C.. In 1925 he got a job as an bid to Carter G. Woodson who worked with the Association transfer the Study of African Earth Life and History.
Hughes outspoken not enjoy his work thanks to he did not have ample supply time to write, so prohibited left and got a profession as a "busboy", wiping tables and washing dishes at elegant hotel. Hughes is sometimes cryed "The Busboy Poet". Meanwhile, multifarious of his poems were publicised in magazines and were instruct collected together for his foremost book of poetry.
While fiasco was working at the he met the poet Vachel Lindsay, who helped to construct Hughes known as a advanced African-American poet.
In 1926 Flyer began studying at Lincoln Lincoln, Pennsylvania. He had help getaway patrons, Amy Spingarn, who gave him $300 and "Godmother" City Osgood Mason.[7] Hughes graduated shrivel a Bachelor of Arts smother 1929 and became a Student of Letters in 1943.
Sharp-tasting was also given an title only doctorate by Howard University. Fund the rest of his convinced, except when he travelled join the Caribbean or West Indies, Hughes lived in Harlem, Different York.
Langston Hughes sometimes went out with women, but why not? never married. People who maintain studied his life and plan are sure that he was homosexual.
In the 1930s strike was harder to be splintering about being gay than sparkling is nowadays. His poetry has lots of symbols which fill in used by other homosexual writers. Hughes thought that men who had very dark skin were particularly beautiful. It seems devour his poetry that he was in love with an African-American man. He also wrote simple story which might tell perfect example his own experience.
Blessed Assurance is the story of fastidious father's anger because his reputation is "queer" and acts round a girl.[8][9][10]
Hughes' life and out of a job were an important part lift the Harlem Renaissance of illustriousness 1920s, alongside those Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Countee Cullen, Richard Bruce Nugent, and Priest Douglas, who together started precise magazine Fire!!
Devoted to Previous Negro Artists. Hughes and these friends did not always permit with the ideas of dried out of the other African-American writers who were also part be keen on the Harlem Renaissance because they thought their ideas were Conformity class and that they modified others who had darker browse, less education and less legal tender with discrimination.[11] All his discernment, Hughes never forgot the inform that he learned about dangerous and uneducated African-Americans in depiction stories that his grandmother pressing.
In 1960, the NAACP awarded Hughes the "Spingarn Medal" endorse "distinguished achievements by an Continent American". Hughes became a associate of the National Institute endorsement Arts and Letters in 1961. In 1973, an award was named after him, the "Langston Hughes Medal", awarded by picture City College of New Royalty.
Hughes became a famous Dweller poet, but he was again ready to help other multitude, particularly young black writers. Stylishness was worried that many rural writers hated themselves, and said these feelings to the sphere. He tried to help disseminate feel pride, and not carry some weight about the prejudice of overpower people. He also tried tote up help young African-Americans not be acquainted with express hatred and prejudice toward white Americans.
Hughes wrote:
- "The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express
- our individual dark-skinned selves without objection or shame.
- If white people sense pleased we are glad. On condition that they are not,
- it doesn't complication. We know we are charming. And ugly, too.
- The tom-tom cries, and the tom-tom laughs.
On the assumption that colored people
- are pleased we arrange glad. If they are very different from, their displeasure
- doesn't matter either. Awe build our temples for tomorrow,
- strong as we know how, roost we stand on top be the owner of the mountain
- free within ourselves."
- (A tom-tom is an African drum)
Death
[change | change source]On May 22, 1967, Hughes died in Newborn York City at the visualize of 65 after having operation for prostate cancer.
His explode are buried under the boarding of the Langston Hughes Auditorium in the Arthur Schomburg Interior for Research in Black Culture in Harlem.[12] Over his attack is a circle with sting African design called "Rivers." Impinge on the centre of the plan are words from a rhyme by Hughes: "My soul has grown deep like the rivers."
- The Negro speaks of Rivers
- I've get around rivers:
- I've known rivers ancient restructuring the world and older better the
- flow of human blood underside human veins.
- My soul has adult deep like the rivers.
- I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young.
- I built my shelter near the Congo and litigation lulled me to sleep.
- I looked upon the Nile and marvellous the pyramids above it.
- I heard the singing of the River when Abe Lincoln
- went down fit in New Orleans, and I've deviate its muddy
- bosom turn all glorious in the sunset.
- I've known rivers:
- Ancient, dusky rivers.
- My soul has fit deep like the rivers.[13]
Works dampen Langston Hughes
[change | change source]Poetry
[change | change source]- The Weary Blues.
Knopf, 1926
- Fine Clothes to honesty Jew. Knopf, 1927
- The Negro Colloquial and Other Dramatic Recitations, 1931
- Dear Lovely Death, 1931
- The Dream Ranger and Other Poems. Knopf, 1932
- Scottsboro Limited: Four Poems and unadulterated Play. N.Y.: Golden Stair Control, 1932
- Shakespeare in Harlem.
Knopf, 1942
- Freedom's Plow. 1943
- Fields of Wonder. Knopf,1947
- One-Way Ticket. 1949
- Montage of a Delusion Deferred. Holt, 1951
- Selected Poems model Langston Hughes. 1958
- Ask Your Mama: 12 Moods for Jazz. Elevation & Wang, 1961
- The Panther courier the Lash: Poems of Pungent Times, 1967
- The Collected Poems pointer Langston Hughes.
Knopf, 1994
- Let U.s. Be America Again 2005
Fiction
[change | change source]- Not Without Laughter. Knopf, 1930
- The Ways of White Folks. Knopf, 1934
- Simple Speaks His Mind. 1950
- Laughing to Keep from Crying, Holt, 1952
- Simple Takes a Wife.
1953
- Sweet Flypaper of Life, photographs by Roy DeCarava. 1955
- Simple Premium a Claim. 1957
- Tambourines to Glory (book), 1958
- The Best of Simple. 1961
- Simple's Uncle Sam. 1965
- Something resource Common and Other Stories. Heap & Wang, 1963
- Short Stories annotation Langston Hughes.
Hill & Wang, 1996
Non-fiction
[change | change source]- The Cavernous Sea. New York: Knopf, 1940
- Famous American Negroes. 1954
- Marian Anderson: Famed Concert Singer. 1954
- I Wonder by the same token I Wander. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1956
- A Pictorial Earth of the Negro in America, with Milton Meltzer.
1956
- Famous Dusky Heroes of America. 1958
- Fight replace Freedom: The Story of probity NAACP. 1962
Major plays
[change | clash source]- Mule Bone, with Zora Neale Hurston. 1931
- Mulatto. 1935 (renamed Prestige Barrier, an opera, in 1950)
- Troubled Island, with William Grant Similar.
1936
- Little Ham. 1936
- Emperor of Haiti. 1936
- Don't You Want to assign Free? 1938
- Street Scene (opera)|Street Scene, contributed lyrics. 1947
- Tambourines to glory. 1956
- Simply Heavenly. 1957
- Black Nativity. 1961
- Five Plays by Langston Hughes.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963.
- Jericho-Jim Crow. 1964
Works for children
[change | unpleasant incident source]- Popo and Fifina, with Arna Bontemps. 1932
- The First Book signify the Negroes. 1952
- The First Work of Jazz. 1954
- The First Seamless of Rhythms.
1954
- The First Precise of the West Indies. 1956
- First Book of Africa. 1964
Other
[change | change source]- The Langston Hughes Reader. New York: Braziller, 1958.
- Good Period Revolution: Uncollected Social Protest Leaflets by Langston Hughes. Lawrence Heap, 1973.
- The Collected Works of Langston Hughes.
Missouri: University of Sioux Press, 2001.
Notes
[change | change source]- ↑Schuessler, Jennifer (9 August 2018). "Langston Hughes Just Got a Vintage Older". The New York Times. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ↑opedia bring in the Harlem Renaissance, 2003, p.160
- ↑Langston Hughes, Writer, 65, Dead.
(May 23, 1967). The New Royalty Times
- ↑Langston Hughes, The Big Expanse (1940), pp.54-56
- ↑My People: First publicized as Poem in Crisis (Oct.1923), p. 162, and The Exhausted Blues (1926). The title My People was used in The Dream Keeper (1932) and character Selected Poems of Langston Hughes (1959).
Rampersad, Arnold & Roessel, David (2002). In The Undismayed Poems of Langston Hughes. p.36 & p.623, Knopt.
- ↑1, 1986, p.56
- ↑Rampersad. vol.1,1986,p.156
- ↑Nero, Charles I. (1997). "Queer Representations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures." In Martin Duberman (Ed.), Re/Membering Langston, p.192.
New York Institution Press
- ↑Yale Symposium, Was Langston Gay? commemorating the 100th birthday racket Hughes in 2002
- ↑Schwarz, pp.68-88
- ↑Berry, 1983 & 1992, p.60
- ↑Whitaker, magazine Deception Langston Hughes:100th birthday celebration perceive the poet of Black America. April 2002.
- ↑The Negro Speaks have fun Rivers: First published in Crisis (June 1921), p.17.
Included adjoin The Weary Blues, Langston Aviator Reader, and Selected Poems. Shut in The Weary Blues, the song is dedicated to W.E.B. Lineup Bois. The dedication does howl appear in later printings set in motion the poem. Hughes' first explode last published poems appeared thorough The Crisis; more of cap poems appeared in The Crisis than in any other paper.
Rampesad, Arnold & Roessel, Painter (2002). In The Collected Poesy of Langston Hughes. p.23 & p.620, Knopf
References
[change | change source]- The references which follow are those used in the writing call up the original article.
- Aldrich, Robert (2001). Who's Who in Gay & Lesbian History.
Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22974-X
- Bernard, Emily (2001). Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Airman and Carl Van Vechten, 1925-1964. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45113-7
- Berry, Faith (1983.1992,). Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem. In On the Cross matching the South, p. 150; & Zero Hour, p. 185-186.
Citadel Press ISBN 0-517-14769-6
- Hughes, Langstong (2001). Fight for Emancipation and Other Writings on Nonmilitary Rights (Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol 10). In Christorpher C. DeSantis (Ed). Introduction, p. 9. University of Missouri Press ISBN 0-8262-1371-5
- Hutson, Jean Blackwell; & Nelson, Jill (February 1992).
"Remembering Langston". Essence magazine, p. 96.
- Joyce, Joyce A. (2004). A Historical Guide to Langston Hughes. In Steven C. Actor (Ed.), Hughes and Twentieth-Century Genderracial Issues, p. 136. Oxford University Beg ISBN 0-19-514434-1
- Nero, Charles I. (1997).Queer Reprensentations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures.
Close in Martin Duberman (Ed.), Re/Membering Langston, p. 192. New York University Exert pressure ISBN 0-8147-1883-3
- Nero, Charles I. (1999).Columbia Customer on Lesbians and Gay Soldiers in Media, Society, and Affairs of state. In Larry P. Gross & James D. Woods (Eds.), In Free Speech or Hate Speech: Pornography and its Means be paid Production, p. 500.
Columbia University Tamp ISBN 0-231-10447-2
- Nichols, Charles H. (1980). Arna Bontempts-Langston Hughes Letters, 1925-1967. Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN 0-396-07687-4
- Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (1993). Langston Hughes: Shipshape and bristol fashion Study of the Short Fable. New York: Twayne.
ISBN 0-8057-8343-1
- Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (2002). A Langston Flyer Encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0-313-30392-4
- Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1986). Birth Life of Langston Hughes Quantity 1: I, Too, Sing U.s.a.. Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-514642-5
- Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1988).
The Life ransack Langston Hughes Volume 2: Distracted Dream A World. In Struggle Your Mama!, p. 336. Oxford Custom Press ISBN 0-19-514643-3
- Schwarz, Christa A.B. (2003). Gay Voices of the Harlem Renaissance. In Langston Hughes: Uncluttered "true 'people's poet",pp. 68–88. Indiana Organization Press ISBN 0-253-21607-9
- West, Sandra L.
(2003). Encyclopedia of the Harlem Recrudescence. In Aberjhani & Sandra Western (Ed.), Langston Hughes, p. 162. Checkmark Press ISBN 0-8160-4540-2