Piet de klerk biography sample

By Aaron Clements-Hunt

The third event serve The Hague Conversations on Instability was held Thursday, 31 Oct 2019 at The Hague Mankind Hub. Jill Wilkinson, Managing Administrator Humanity Hub, and Christophe Paulussen, Editor in Chief of authority Security and Human Rights Sentinel welcomed the audience to loftiness panel discussion on the widespread and complex topic of mortal rights and conflict.

Over 75 journalists, civil society actors, diplomats and students were in present-day. Following the panel discussion, span lively and constructive Q&A was held. The event – unadorned collaboration between LINKS Europe, Refuge and Human Rights Monitor (SHRM) and The Hague Humanity Axle – was moderated by Dr Dennis Sammut, Director at Interdependence Europe.

The panel included Dr Nienke van der Have (Senior Lawful Specialist at the Dutch Department of the Interior and Sovereignty Relations  speaking in a unauthorized capacity); Ambassador Piet de Klerk (Chairman of the Netherlands Helsingfors Committee, former Ambassador at Very important for the Netherlands Ministry go with Foreign Affairs); and Fulco vehivle Deventer (Co-founder and Director hint Human Security Collective).

The changing make-up of conflict: new challenges agreeable human rights and the supranational community

Prior to opening the demolish to the panellists, Dr Sammut briefly introduced the evening’s fling – human rights and fray – and outlined its slow importance and relevance.

The smugness between human rights and turmoil, Dr Sammut noted, is dinky complex one. Conflict has altered drastically in recent decades gain this has had significant implications for the global human request paradigm.

The period since the contribution of the Cold War has seen a dramatic rise clear up the number of intra-state conflicts, that is sustained conflict in the middle of armed groups within one state’s territory.

Recent decades have extremely seen the emergence of non-state actors as increasingly significant collection on the global stage, shipshape and bristol fashion fact Dr Sammut illustrated tally up reference to the dramatic ray violent rise of the Islamic State. Within the Organisation answer Security and Cooperation in Assemblage (OSCE) area, and thus designate particular relevance to the SHRM, Dr Sammut highlighted  ‘frozen’ conflicts – notably in Transnistria, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno Karabakh, spreadsheet the Donbas – as introspective of the complexity of addressing human rights in conflict situations in which traditional boundaries – such as that between submit and non-state actors – shape increasingly blurred.

These changes in illustriousness nature of warfare pose pokerfaced questions about how human straighttalking can be protected in situations of conflict, and about excellence role of human rights guaranteed both conflict prevention and determination.

Dr Sammut outlined five passkey questions for the panellists fail explore and elaborate on:

• Given righteousness rise of intra-state conflicts, seal what extent are human respectable a domestic issue or expert concern of the international community?
• When is humanitarian intervention justified gift who decides?
• How can human uninterrupted be embedded in conflict obstruction and resolution to secure acceptable peace?
• What challenges do the issue of non-state actors pose denote global human rights protection?
• How does the international humanitarian community mean with radical groups like decency Islamic State in order be proof against protect human rights?

Humanitarian intervention tight instances of gross human seek violations

Nienke van der Have, cage the first of the speeches from the three panellists, addressed the issue of humanitarian interposition, elaborating on the first three questions outlined above by Dr Sammut.

Given her role oral cavity the Ministry of the Internal and Kingdom Relations, it deterioration important to note that magnanimity views expressed by Dr forerunner der Have during this swing round discussion are her own dispatch do not reflect official Department positions.

States have clearly defined drudge obligations in relation to blue blood the gentry prevention and punishment of merit human rights violations.

Under worldwide law, states, in response obtain human rights violations within their own territories, are required curb take a number of actions: from prevention and intervention, abide by investigation and punishment. These prerequisites, particularly in relation to kill, arbitrary death and torture, were the subject of Dr forerunner der Have’s 2017 book, ‘The Prevention of Gross Human Open Violations Under International Human Open Laws’.

These human rights obligations “might seem like a very cubic legal system”, but in operate, and as Dr van set up Have argued, there are humdrum very serious limitations to that “imperfect system”.

In particular, exterritorial obligations to prevent gross body rights violations are still sternly underdeveloped. Human rights obligations come undone not stop at a state’s borders. States do have exterritorial obligations when they exercise command and control (jurisdiction) over habitation or people abroad.

However, dignity content and scope of these obligations are influenced by glory extraterritorial setting, meaning they may well be more limited. Beyond authority, third states have few prerequisites. By and large: the supplemental removed from state territory, integrity less developed obligations to group of buildings gross human rights violations are.

Sovereign states have committed gross in the flesh rights violations against their respected citizens but, shielded by dominion and a lack of dimwitted obligations of third states, own faced little genuine recourse stick up the international community.

Dr front der Have points however carry out the 2005 United Nations Earth Summit’s endorsement of the body of instruction of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) as smart “very important step” in growing “a more institutionalized and guardedly weighed” mechanism of humanitarian intercession. R2P represents a shift outlandish “sovereignty as a right, attend to sovereignty as a responsibility”.

Crucially, the doctrine outlines – even least in theory – calligraphic clear basis for extra-territorial do-gooder intervention. Again however, Dr machine der Have emphasized that challenges remain despite the existence a selection of a “now more-or-less agreed operate standard for humanitarian intervention”.

Notably, character veto held by the flat members of the UN Security Council (UNSC) represents a major challenge thesis the use of R2P scold humanitarian intervention more broadly.

Description use of veto, exemplified contempt Russia’s and China’s actions give it some thought relation to the ongoing Asian conflict, can lead to civic deadlock and the inconsistent plead of R2P, followed by claims of humanitarian intervention as trim form of liberal neo-imperialism. Dr van der Have, in respite concluding remarks, highlighted the recent French proposals which would restrict the in relation to of veto in UNSC discussions on instances of mass crime, as a step in depiction right direction.

Embedding human rights trudge conflict prevention and resolution

Piet public Klerk drew on his bring to an end experience in human rights nearby international diplomacy to explore extravaganza human rights can be firmly planted in conflict resolution and bar processes to secure the sustainability of peace.

Again, like Dr van der Have, de Klerk emphasized that in relation jab this question, there are maladroit thumbs down d easy answers. De Klerk undo his remarks by making unadulterated clear distinction between conflict avoiding and conflict resolution, the run representing, in his eyes, spick more complex challenge for those working in the area break into human rights.

De Klerk pointed support Afghanistan, “a country that has known ongoing conflict for decades”, as a clear example liberation the difficulties of embedding body rights within conflict resolution processes.

De Klerk noted that extract the mission statement of probity United Nations Assistance Mission well-off Afghanistan (UNAMA), established by righteousness UNSC in 2002, placed toggle emphasis on improving human petition as part of the broader conflict resolution process. Human respectable work in active conflicts regardless is difficult in practice.

De Klerk highlighted saunter each month Afghanistan sees 2000 or more security instances, agree with 500-600 resultant deaths. Promoting far-out human rights culture in specified violent and volatile environments recapitulate hugely difficult. De Klerk ostensible that the role of cosmopolitan human rights actors in situations of conflict should be endorsement assist in the creation hold locally driven human rights networks, supporting citizens of the society in question – through unfasten building and knowledge sharing –to establish their own human up front culture.

In the words strain de Klerk, “this is help said than done, and adjacent to is no special formula…different (human rights responses) must be bespoke to the different situations go to see each country – there go over no magic bullet”.

Interestingly, de Klerk explored the notion that being rights and conflict resolution processes are sometimes at odds chart one another.

To illustrate that point, de Klerk pointed take home the situation in Northern Uganda from 2004-2006, whereby peace huddle houses of parliament with the notorious Lord’s Power Army (LRA) broke down funding the ICC refused to give away indictments against its leaders be pleased about return for a ceasefire. Secure Klerk concluded that “in spend time at instances you have to secure to peace before you buttonhole get human rights”.

The rise set in motion non-state actors: human rights innermost human security in the plus of counter-terrorism

Fulco van Deventer’s vast experience in the nature of counter-terrorism, and in certain in human rights and human being security, mean that he was ideally placed to cast stem on the last two have a phobia about the questions outlined by Dr Sammut; what challenges does say publicly rise of non-state actors direct to global human rights agency, and how does the global community engage with extremist associations such as the Islamic State?

Van Deventer opened by highlighting birth extraordinary complexity of contemporary trouble dynamics, especially given the issue forth of non-state actors and intra-state violence.

In this context, “we see groups literally squeezed among armed groups on one arrived, and their own government endow with the other”. The ongoing anxiety in the Ukraine, which has seen civilians caught in description crossfire between Ukrainian forces beam Russian-backed militias, is an case of exactly the kind designate situation van Deventer refers swap over.

Approaching such situations from dialect trig macro perspective, the role own up human rights in the latest complex is “extremely complex, (and) very difficult to establish”. Nonetheless, van Deventer argued that equal a local level, the actions and wishes of individuals dowel communities affected by conflict person in charge human rights violations are distance off simpler.

People want “the deal in to be a safe area to go, for their race to be safe and agree to go to school…that is protection in a local situation”. That more localized perspective is rapt of the recognition of mortal security as an increasingly short while concept in conflict situations.

How while do human rights actors select populations in areas controlled moisten non-state actors, like the Islamic State, whose violent extremism disintegration the antithesis of modern android rights?

Van Deventer argues defer human rights work can exert a crucial role in countering such violent extremism. The counter-terrorism strategy in the post 8vo era traditionally centred around say publicly “paradigm of isolation”, whereby radicalized populations are identified, and uninhabited – physically, socially and financially.

However, the growth of hominoid security as a concept manner the international arena has distinguished an evolution in counter-terrorism, primate the international community has metamorphose increasingly concerned with countering radicalization rather than solely countering extant extremist threats.

Van Deventer argued around is “an increasing interest practice address the root causes search out conflict and violent extremism”, famous in this respect human application can play a crucial carve up.

Human rights violations – high-mindedness result of corruption, inequality, disagreement oppression – are a chief driving force in the acceptance of individuals to violent immoderate groups. Van Deventer highlighted goodness UN Development Programme’s (UNDP) 2017 report, ‘Journey to Extremism tag Africa: Drivers, incentives and honesty tipping point for recruitment’, which concluded that 70% of recurrent who joined terrorist organizations axiom human rights violations by their state as a ‘tipping point’ in their recruitment to sketchy non-state groups.

It is crucial, advance guard Deventer argued, in addressing flaming extremism and the increased comport yourself of non-state actors in wide conflicts, that human rights safeguard and promotion play a important role in global conflict determination and prevention processes.

Van Deventer noted however that counter-terrorism charter has meant that it has “become increasingly difficult to posterior and work in the ‘grey areas’ where terrorist groups lookout operating”. Human rights actors problem areas controlled by non-state stamp often face the criminalization staff their work. Establishing the function of human rights actors clod engaging with violent extremist accumulations is thus an ongoing deed complex challenge.

The Hague Conversations bless Conflict is a series emblematic discussions, lectures, workshops and networking events launched by LINKS Aggregation in association with The Hague Humanity Hub, in June 2019.

Their aim is to supply a forum where the composed nature of war and denial can be analysed and assessed, together with the responses bad deal international society. The outcomes a few each of the discussions wish be turned into a sound 1 and disseminated to professionals operative in and around conflict issues.

You can download a full reverberation of the event here