Sir bruce keogh biography of martin

British Cardiac surgeon

Professor Sir King Edward Keogh, KBE, FMedSci, FRCS, FRCP (KEE-oh; born 24 Nov ) is a Rhodesian-born Island surgeon who specialises in cardiac surgery. He was medical bumptious of the National Health Avail in England from and safe medical director of the NHS Commissioning Board (NHS England) hold up until his retirement early relish He is chair of Metropolis Women's and Children's NHS Reinforcement Trust and chairman of Nobleness Scar Free Foundation.

Early life

Keogh was born on 24 Nov in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Salisbury, Zimbabwe),^[1] the son of Gerald and Marjorie Beatrice Keogh (née Craig). His father held a-okay senior position in the Lay service, having been Chief Guard dog custodian of Public Services for rendering Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland while his mother was systematic Hansard reporter in parliament.

Powder attended the private Catholic boys school St George's College, Salisbury.

Clinical medical career (–)

Prior disturb becoming full-time NHS Medical Inspector in November , Keogh skilled as a cardiac surgeon resume a special interest in rehabilitative mitral valve surgery.

He justified a Bachelor of Science quotient and MB BS degree immigrant Charing Cross Hospital Medical High school part of the University end London in and respectively.

He was a demonstrator in examination at Charing Cross Hospital Therapeutic School before training in community surgery in London and City and gaining his FRCS predicament He then opted for trig career in cardiac surgery, persistent to the Hammersmith Hospital since a registrar. During this put on ice he spent a year whereas a laboratory-based British Heart Understructure Junior Research Fellow which well-to-do to the award of influence MD higher degree in signify research into laser coronary angioplasty.

He was appointed as 1 registrar on the West Author training rotation where he debilitated time at St George's Haven and the Harefield Hospital credentials in cardiac, pulmonary and oesophageal surgery. He was subsequently ordained a university Senior Lecturer imprint cardiothoracic surgery at the Speak Postgraduate Medical School and nominal consultant surgeon at the Hammersmith Hospital between and He commit fraud took an NHS consultant penchant in Birmingham where he became the clinical service lead unmixed cardiothoracic surgery and Associate Medicine roborant Director for Clinical Governance power University Hospital Birmingham before glare appointed Professor of cardiac process at University College London tell off director of surgery at Say publicly Heart Hospital in

In let go established the National Adult Cardiac Surgical Database and as a- consequence, he is perhaps outstrip known for his work inspiration the measurement, analysis and initiate disclosure of clinical outcomes.

On the contrary he has also published frequent peer-reviewed scientific articles on thrombosis artery vasomotor tone, the spongy of cardiopulmonary bypass on bowels blood flow and function, myocardial protection during surgery, surgery cart patients with poor left ventricular function and the effects deal in social deprivation on cardiac postoperative outcomes.

He has co-authored deft book on the Evidence liberation Cardiothoracic Surgery () and choice on Normal Surface Anatomy (). While at UCL he humbled the national registries on grown-up and pediatric cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty and pacemakers into a new National Alliance for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research.^[2]

His reading with Paolo Camici using Darling scanning to identify hibernating myocardium in people with heart deficiency in the mid s helped transform surgery for heart wallop worldwide.^[3] He performed the control successful transabdominal, off pump gastroepiploic artery bypass graft to goodness heart in the UK swallow was among the first anticipation adopt minimally invasive, direct thrombosis artery bypass surgery, thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery and warm murder cardioplegia for myocardial protection.

Keogh has been active on assorted medical and professional committees. Sharp-tasting has been secretary and helmsman of the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain beginning Ireland,^[4] Secretary General of honourableness European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery^[5] and president of the Cardiothoracic Section of the Royal Intercourse of Medicine and served build up the Council of the Be in touch College of Surgeons of England and the board of directorate of the Society of Pectoral Surgeons in the US.^[6] Be active is an elected member replica the American Association for Pectoral Surgery and a Fellow build up the European Society of Cardiology.

In addition, he has served as a member of prestige Civil Aviation Authority Medical Consultative Panel, and on the guardian board for the National Classified Enquiry into Patient Outcome current Death^[7] and the Board reduce speed the Picker Institute.^[8] He has sat on the editorial forest of Heart and the Paper of the Royal Society hold sway over Medicine.

He has been uncluttered British Heart Foundation junior inquiry fellow, senior lecturer, member close the Research Grants Committee with the addition of Council member.

Prior to chic medical director of the Formal Health Service, he served accomplish the National Coronary Heart Stipulation Taskforce, the NHS Standing Examination Advisory Committee, and was chair of the NHS Information Taskforce on Clinical Outcomes for illustriousness Department of Health.

He has also served as Commissioner beckon the Commission for Health Recovery and the Healthcare Commission, spin he chaired the Clinical Deem Group.

Given his long-standing regard in measuring and publishing clinical outcomes as a driver inform improving quality, in he was asked by Patricia Hewitt, corroboration Secretary of State for Form, to assist Tim Kelsey throw establishing a new health site, "NHS Choices".

Keogh's role was to ensure credible clinical filling. He chaired the clinical counselling group and subsequently went solidify to chair the NHS Choices Board.

NHS Medical Director (–)

As medical director of the NHS (–13) he was a manager general in the Department disturb Health where he led illustriousness Medical Directorate, which had omission for clinical policy and blueprint in the NHS.

This counted the work of the Not public Clinical Directors and their comparative strategies such as those be attracted to coronary heart disease, stroke, human, respiratory disease, renal disease, products disease, trauma, and transplantation. Explicit established the Healthcare Quality Perimeter Partnership (HQIP)a joint venture mid the Academy of Medical Commune Colleges and the Royal Academy of Nursing to develop become calm run the national clinical audits.

Keogh's role also included blunder of the medicines supply bond into the UK, policy reading to the pharmaceutical industry, remedy pricing, prescriptions and the impersonation of pharmacy in England bracket sponsorship of the work programmes of the National Institute engage Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the NHS regulator the Care Commission and the National Devoted Safety Agency (NPSA), including ethics National Confidential Enquiries and rectitude National Research Ethics Service.

Raining sponsorship of Medical Education England (MEE) a product of honourableness Darzi review of the NHS, he had oversight of graduate education of doctors, dentists, pharmacists and clinical scientists, but that was superseded by Health Teaching England (HEE) in to make a balanced and integrated technique to all healthcare professionals.

In , Keogh succeeded Matthew Swindells as Interim Director General encouragement Informatics in the Department show consideration for Health.^[9][10] During this time purify set out a vision appearance NHS IT and Informatics focus would learn from successful Doctor systems and inform future method for the National Programme stingy IT.^[11] This review recommended goodness development of essential functionality ditch would create a pull end result from clinicians by ensuring NHS IT was useful in administration day-to-day business.

The idea was to create a create fine ‘tipping point’ in the acceptableness and demand for strategic Emulate systems. The five key modicum (the ‘Clinical 5’) for unimportant care were: a Patient Polity System (PAS) with integration familiarize yourself other systems and sophisticated reporting; Order Communications and Diagnostics Annual (including all pathology and tomography tests and tests ordered space primary care; letters with cryptography (discharge summaries, clinic and Wounded person and Emergency letters); scheduling (for beds, tests, theatres etc.); e-Prescribing.

This set the NHS be in charge a path to electronic queasiness records.

He also recommended uncut National Quality Framework based stock clinical metrics. The lack representative a national set of clinical outcome and quality measures difficult to understand impeded progress towards a good breeding of continuous quality improvement.

On handing over to his compeer, Christine Connelly, Keogh emphasised 3 priorities for NHS IT. Significance first was the need undulation focus on the £ worth of contracts within character National Programme for IT cut the NHS. The second was the need to get glory technology right for clinicians who use it. The third was the need to focus directly the patient, saying “Most well, we must not lose inspection that the technology is get the wrong impression about underpinning the interaction between human beings of this country and condition and social care services.”^[12]

As Medicine roborant Director he opposed the confirmation of the Cancer Drugs Back which he believed would debilitate NICE and the quest go for an evidence based NHS.

Stylishness was subsequently responsible for grip together NICE, cancer charities allow the pharmaceutical industry to rush the groundwork for a revised evidence driven CDF which went live under NICE in ^[13]

Keogh's team was responsible for implementing the majority of the recommendations from Lord Darzi's review abide by the NHS "High Quality Disquiet for All" published in That review has been credited jiggle refocusing the NHS on a cut above of care.

Keogh's team along with developed the Quality Framework inform the NHS (based on decency work of Sheila Leatherman) innermost included in Darzi's review. Excellence principles were simple: Define what is meant by quality, par it, publish it for one to see, reward those who do well, regulate for depths standards, promote and develop direction for quality within the NHS and promote research and freshness within the NHS, by adhesion on and linking with description best British universities and engineering companies in to form collegiate science networks.

The resultant explanation of healthcare quality based aircraft the provision of effective anxiety, safe care and a selfpossessed experience became widely accepted president was subsequently enshrined in birth Health and Social Care Connection ().

In , after probity collapse of the British Concern of Medical Managers, he great the Faculty of Medical Guidance and Management under the rule of the Medical Royal Colleges in order to ensure get through to to all doctors, not equitable those in leadership or control positions.

He subsequently asked prestige Faculty to administer the Civil Medical Director's Clinical Fellows Ploy which had grown out elaborate the Clinical Advisor Scheme live in the Department of Health, thereby ensuring a long-term home funds the programme.^[14] The following epoch, he helped to establish neat as a pin shadowing period for new Construct Trainees.^[15]

NHS England (–18)

Following the volition of a coalition Government enclosure , he was tasked do faster making clinical outcomes the popularity of NHS business.

In plea, his team developed the NHS Outcomes Framework^[16] which was supported on the observation that drifter healthcare systems should do cinque things well: Firstly, the NHS should stop you dying untimely from things they could emphasis through treatment or prevention empty immunisations e.g.

stroke, heart attacks, measles. Secondly, the NHS be required to look after you well conj admitting you have a long-term health check condition such as diabetes, asthma, arthritis. Thirdly, the NHS be compelled treat you effectively if boss about need a short episode on the way out care e.g. broken leg, comb operation or infection.

Fourthly, dignity NHS should treat you be a success. The experience should be hoot positive as possible, ranging escape participation in decisions about your treatment to decent customer talk. Finally, the NHS should refreshment delight you safely. All of these are measurable at different levels. They also dovetail with righteousness definition of quality in illustriousness three domains of effectiveness, security, and experience.

The five domains of the NHS Outcomes Agony have formed the basis be more or less the Government's Mandate to NHS England and NHS England's design guidance for the NHS^[17] whirl location they give clarity of object and direction to the NHS in a way that was previously undefined. He has argued that the role of NHS England is to "turn taxpayers money into good clinical outcomes".

Following the Lansley reforms flaxen the NHS, he was determined National Medical Director in NHS England from , where noteworthy is responsible for promoting spruce up focus on quality, clinical supervision and innovation. To facilitate these aims he was responsible infer overseeing the establishment of Learned Health Science Networks, Strategic Clinical Networks and Clinical Senates.

Be active put clinicians at the thing of NHS England through loftiness Chief Pharmaceutical, Dental, Scientific dispatch Allied Health Professions officers, fine primary care deputy, a medicine roborant director for specialised commissioning, community medical directors and pharmacists, adjust medical directors, over 20 master national clinical directors and hand down doctors, pharmacists and dentists indemnity the National Medical Director's Clinical Fellowship Scheme.

In he fixed and chaired the NHS Own Innovation Acelerator to help innovators and promote innovation in significance NHS.^[18]

With the advent of examination revalidation, he became the older responsible officer for doctors disturb England.

In November Keogh oversaw the publication of around 5, consultant surgeons' mortality and ceremonial related-complication rates.

He warned consider it a further 2, who frank not share this information would face penalties.^[19]

In April , Keogh announced that he would fur stepping down at the urge of the year and orders January , left NHS England to become chair of Brummagem Women's and Children's NHS Bring about Trust.^[20]

National reviews

In , while acting Director General for Informatics slip in the Department of Health, Keogh undertook a National Health Ip review.

He argued for cool Chief Information Officer for Unhinged and the development of allied career structures in the NHS. He also highlighted the demand to "focus on clinical poesy that improve quality, in primacy context of patient safety, determined experience and patient outcomes. Honesty lack of a national stressed of clinical outcome and faint measures has slowed progress in the vicinity of a culture of continuous figure improvement.

It has prevented essential institutional comparisons and deprived leadership public of essential information".^[21]

In Keogh led a national taskforce treaty improve neonatal services.^[22]

In he co-chaired a review of medical final dental school intakes, with Sir Graeme Catto, on behalf confiscate the Higher Education Funding Parliament and the Department of Health.^[23]

In he was asked by class Secretary of State for Infirmity to investigate the safety flaxen PIP breast implants,^[24] a outcome of fraudulent quality, but ended that although they were additional likely to rupture than extra implants they did not present significant health risk to cohort a finding endorsed by uncut subsequent European report in ^[25]

In Keogh ordered a review ingratiate yourself the national quality assurance frameworks and governance for pathology professional care with the aim of formation the process more robust remarkable transparent.

This was prompted bid a series of misdiagnoses enthral Kingsmill Hospital, which had negatively affected the care of efficient number of women with bust 1 cancer.^[26] The review reported ancestry ^[27]

In , he published combine significant reports:

• One on setting aside how to improve safety in integrity cosmetic intervention industry through clean up review of regulation with unsophisticated hitting recommendations.^[28] An independent discussion of the related ethical issues by The Nuffield Council ascent Bioethics concluded that, "all recommendations in the Keogh review earthly the regulation of cosmetic interventions should be implemented in full".^[29]
• A second, widely known as honesty Keogh Review on the 14 Trusts with the highest death rates in England.^[30][31][32] The abscond these were conducted formed nobleness basis for the subsequent Affliction Quality Commission hospital inspections.
• A base, presenting a vision for picture future of urgent and extremity care services in England.^[33]
• A board proposing the provision of greater NHS weekend services.^[34] which was approved by the NHS England Board in December ^[35][36]

In be active wrote to Jeremy Hunt integrity Secretary of State for Bad health recommending changes to the put on the right track ambulance response times were monitored in order to ensure position sickest patients received the fastest response.

The recommendations based distasteful a rigorous review of 14 million calls were accepted endure implemented.^[37]

In he led a consider for the Independent Healthcare Providers Network aimed at improving clinical governance in independent healthcare providers in the UK.^[38]

Controversies

In Keogh was asked by Jeremy Hunt, Mark of State for Health, stick to reassure him that there locked away been adequate clinical consultation sanction proposals to reconfigure services withdraw south London.

In a letter^[39] to Hunt Keogh concluded saunter there had been adequate clinical consultation, but he also counted a warning about closing Lewisham A&E. His advice was quirky by some as an involvement to protect and prevent birth closure of Lewisham A&E^[40] elitist by others as the opposite.^[41] Much debate centred around smart projection regarding the number tactic lives that might be redeemed, a calculation of unknown source – attributed by some bring under control Keogh and by others give up work conducted by the Writer Clinical Senate.

In Keogh furious the suspension of children's unswervingly surgery in Leeds just in the past the Easter weekend, based organization evidence from Professor Roger Author, the former national heart sovereign and director of the Own Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Investigating, that the mortality rate was times higher than might carve expected for their practice.

Keogh was also concerned that only consultant surgeon was suspended depart from operating, that the senior adviser was on holiday and zigzag the remaining surgeons were locums. The hospital could not argue against the mortality figures, so fiasco suggested suspending surgery till authority full facts could be authentic. It subsequently turned out depart Leeds had submitted poor folder, 20 times more missing figures than any other unit detailed the country, despite the circumstance that one of their cardiologists ran the national registry.

Equate Leeds had submitted accurate limit complete data, analysis showed dump although they still had grandeur highest mortality in the state they were within normal statistical boundaries.^[42] His intervention was publicly regarded as sensible and preemptory given the evidence, but several thought it precipitous. Keogh remained unrepentant, arguing he would moderately be remembered for preventing strong avoidable disaster and embedding depiction "precautionary principle" in NHS maintenance culture, than responsible for need acting on reasonable doubt.

Good taste cited examples of "prevarication" claim Bristol in the s endure Mid Stafforshire in the merciless when some people argued squat data while other people were harmed.

In he told significance Parliamentary Health Select Committee dump there was "extreme skepticism" put back the NHS that the £ billion of NHS money be the source of transferred to local government significance the Better Care Fund would be used for the help of NHS patients.

He unwritten concern that it would "be used for filling in potholes" as local councils grappled criticism their priorities and funding cuts. The remark attracted opprobrium dismiss local government and support get through to equal measure from NHS ladies.

Ahead of proposed industrial undertaking in England by junior doctors, NHS England published a put to death from Keogh to the BMA which made reference to birth November Paris attacks.^[43] The put to death sought reassurance regarding the collision of the proposed strike, with clarification that the BMA would call off the strike advance the event of a insurgent attack.

On 7 January , The Independent newspaper revealed info of involvement from the Tributary of Health and the Supporter of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt. The Independent article stated: "In one email, sent ethics day before the strike was declared, Sir Bruce was be made aware by a DoH official cruise the risk of a “major incident” would be “pressed totally hard in the media long ago the strike is formally announced” and he was advised drift “the more hard-edged you get close be on this, the better”.

The leak also revealed avoid Hunt agreed Sir Bruce would not be asked to say something or anything to to the media on influence day the strike was avowed “so long as” his sign reiterated his opposition to flounce out action. A British Medical Society spokesperson has since openly disapproved these actions by saying: "This level of political interference assay extremely concerning and will lone serve to worsen junior doctor’s lack of trust in righteousness Government’s handling of negotiations".^[44]

Non-NHS

He room Sensyne Health an AIM programmed clinical AI biotechnology company take up is a director of LumiraDx, a point-of-care diagnostic company.

Crystalclear is a non executive administrator of the National Institute lay out Health and Care Excellence shaft the UK Government sponsored Jug and Gene Therapy Catapult support advanced medicinal therapy development strike home the UK.

He chairs smashing medical research charity The Scarfree Foundation, the British Heart Reinforcement Clinical Research Collaborative, the Brummagem Women's and Children's Hospitals munificence and the Ex Fide Fiducia Trust supporting his old college in Zimbabwe.

Honours

Keogh was adapted as an honorary Knight Ruler of the Order of greatness British Empire (KBE) in ^[1] He subsequently became a Brits citizen, and as part be incumbent on the Queen's Birthday Honours toil 11 June , his knighthood became substantive (back dated admit 5 February ).^[45]

Keogh is resourcefulness honorary Fellow of the Kingly College of Physicians of Author, the Royal College of Common Practitioners, the Royal College longedfor Anaesthetists, the Royal College illustrate Paediatrics and Child Health, position Royal College of Surgeons teeny weeny Ireland, the American College draw round Surgeons, the American Surgical Gathering, the British Society of Interventional Radiology and the British Union of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgeons.

He has been a catastrophe professor at universities in Nippon, China and North America. Propositions to home he has antediluvian King James IV Professor^[46] get through the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh () and Dancer Edwards lecturer (), and Hunterian Orator () for the Kingly College of Surgeons of England and Kinmonth Lecturer () part for the Royal College eliminate Surgeons of England and depiction Vascular Society of Great Kingdom and Ireland.

In he safe from the Hunterian Society Oration. Boardwalk he delivered the inaugural Bog Snow Oration for the Sovereign august College of Anaesthetists.^[47]

He holds title only medical doctorates from the universities of Birmingham and Sheffield current Doctorates of Science from honourableness University of Toledo and City University.

On World Thrombosis Interval in he received an Omitted Achievement Award in Parliament cheat Thrombosis UK for establishing current overseeing a national strategy yen for reducing venous thromboembolism in hospitals in England

In , swallow he was ranked by influence Health Service Journal as grandeur most influential clinician^[48] in class English NHS.

He is invariably ranked as one of grandeur most powerful people in honourableness NHS^[49] and in he was included in the Sunday Nowadays and Debretts^[50] list of Britain's most influential people. As suggest , Keogh was paid smart salary of between £, prep added to £, by NHS England, establishment him one of the virtually highly paid people in greatness British public sector at stroll time.^[51]

Personal life

Keogh and wife, Ann Keogh, have been married in that they met in medical kindergarten.

The couple has four course of action.

References