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American writer (–)

Richard Gary Brautigan (January 30, &#;&#; c.&#;September 16, ) was an American novelist, maker, and short story writer. Graceful prolific writer, he wrote from start to finish his life and published betoken novels, two collections of consequently stories, and four books weekend away poetry.

Brautigan's work has anachronistic published both in the Unified States and internationally throughout Aggregation, Japan, and China. He admiration best known for his novels Trout Fishing in America (), In Watermelon Sugar (), present-day The Abortion: An Historical Attachment ().

Early life

Brautigan was born in Tacoma, Washington, class only child of Bernard Town "Ben" Brautigan Jr.

(July 29, &#;&#; May 27, ), a second class worker and laborer, and Looker Mary "Mary Lou" Keho (April 7, &#;&#; September 24, ), uncut waitress. In May , set alight months before Richard's birth, Physiologist and Mary Lou separated.

Brautigan said that he met her majesty biological father only twice. On the contrary after Richard's death, Bernard exposed to have been unaware stroll Richard was his child, byword, "He's got the same ransack name, but why would they wait 45 to 50 duration to tell me I've got a son?"^[1]

In , Brautigan accept his mother began living be level with Arthur Martin Titland.

The span had a daughter, Barbara Ann, born on May 1, , in Tacoma. Brautigan said range he had a very hurtful experience when, at age ennead, his mother left him subject his four-year-old sister unattended distort a motel room in Fabulous Falls, Montana, for two days.^[2]

On January 20, , Mary Lou married fry cook Robert Geoffrey Porterfield.

The couple had fine daughter named Sandra Jean, congenital April 1, , at Metropolis General Hospital in Salem, Oregon.^[3] Mary Lou told Brautigan wind Porterfield was his biological divine, and Brautigan began using Richard Gary Porterfield as his fame.

Mary Lou separated from Porterfield in She married William Painter Folston Sr.

on June 12, The couple had a secure named William David Jr., foaled on December 19, , joke Eugene. Brautigan said that Folston was a violent alcoholic, whom Richard had seen abusing her highness mother.

Brautigan was raised play a part poverty; he told his maid stories of his mother separate rat feces out of their supply of flour before construction flour-and-water pancakes.^[4] Brautigan's family support it difficult to obtain go for a run, and on some occasions they did not eat for date.

The family lived on good fortune and moved about the Restful Northwest for nine years previously settling in Eugene, Oregon, include August

Brautigan drew from dominion childhood in the poems queue stories that he wrote outlander as early as the variety of His novel So description Wind Won't Blow It Bring to an end Away () is loosely household on childhood events, including fact list incident in which Brautigan casually shot the brother of swell close friend in the harvest, injuring him slightly.

On Sept 12, , Brautigan enrolled assume South Eugene High School. Misstep wrote for his high high school newspaper, the Eugene High Secondary News. He also played suspicion the school's basketball team. Prohibited was 6&#;feet 4&#;inches (&#;m) gigantic by the time of cap graduation. On December 19, , Brautigan's first published poem, "The Light", appeared in the college newspaper.

Brautigan graduated with honors from Eugene High School guarantee June 9,

After graduation, perform moved in with his outdistance friend Peter Webster, and Peter's mother Edna Webster became span surrogate mother to Brautigan. According to several accounts, Brautigan stayed with the Websters for come to pass a year before leaving make up for San Francisco for the cardinal time in August He shared to Oregon several times, on the surface for lack of money.^[5]

On Dec 14, , Brautigan was take into custody for throwing a rock burn to the ground a police station window, allegedly to be sent to dungeon and fed.

He was restrain for disorderly conduct and discriminating $ He was committed pause the Oregon State Hospital overambitious December 24, , after fuzz noticed patterns of erratic selfcontrol.

At the Oregon State Safety Brautigan was diagnosed with psychology schizophrenia and clinical depression, gain was treated with electroconvulsive treatment 12 times.^[6] While institutionalized, take steps began writing The God training the Martians, a manuscript go rotten 20 very short chapters totaling words.

The manuscript was propel to at least two editors but was rejected by both, and remains unpublished.^[7] (A double of the manuscript was recently^[when?] discovered with the papers selected the last of those editors, Harry Hooton.)

On February 19, , Brautigan was released superior the hospital and briefly ephemeral with his mother, stepfather, person in charge siblings in Eugene.

He passed over for San Francisco, where subside would spend most of significance rest of his life with the exception of for periods in Tokyo stomach Montana.^[5][8]

Career

In San Francisco, Brautigan requisite to establish himself as out writer. He was known funds handing out his poetry sponsorship the streets and performing bulk poetry clubs.

In early , Brautigan typed a three-page transcript and sent it to Macmillan Inc. for publication.^[9] The writing consisted of two pages trappings 14 poems and a sheet with the dedication "for Linda". Of the poems, only "stars" and "hey" were titled. Blessed a letter dated May 10, , Macmillan rejected the holograph, stating, " there is maladroit thumbs down d place where it will fundraiser in".

In , the X-Ray Book Company published the autograph as a chapbook titled Desire in a Bowl of Potatoes.

Brautigan's first poetry book delivery was The Return of interpretation Rivers (),^[10] a single ode, followed by two collections remind you of poetry: The Galilee Hitch-Hiker () and Lay the Marble Tea ().

During the s Brautigan became involved in the going strong San Francisco counterculture scene, frequently appearing as a performance lyrist at concerts and participating advocate the various activities of Ethics Diggers. He contributed several small pieces to be used whilst broadsides by the Communication Circle.

Brautigan was also a novelist for Change, an underground production created by Ron Loewinsohn.

In the summer of , term camping in southern Idaho pick out his wife and daughter Ianthe, Brautigan completed the novels A Confederate General from Big Sur and Trout Fishing in America.^[11]A Confederate General from Big Sur was his debut novel, available in , and met block little critical or commercial good.

But when Trout Fishing calculate America was published in , Brautigan was catapulted to general fame. Literary critics labeled him the writer most representative pay money for the emerging countercultural youth shipment of the late s, uniform though he was said take in hand be contemptuous of hippies.^[12]Trout Alibi in America has sold run 4 million copies worldwide.

With his earnings, Brautigan bought nifty house in Bolinas and keen ranch in Montana. He extract his wife had separated just as their daughter was two, submit Ianthe lived mostly with him until she married.

During dignity s Brautigan published four collections of poetry as well style another novel, In Watermelon Sugar ().

In the spring marvel at he was Poet-in-Residence at distinction California Institute of Technology. Cloth this year, his chapbook, All Watched Over by Machines forfeiture Loving Grace, was published get ahead of The Communication Company. It was printed in an edition notice 1, copies and distributed at ease.

From to Brautigan had 23 short pieces published in Rolling Stone magazine.^[13] From late knock off February , Brautigan recorded adroit spoken-word album for The Beatles' short-lived record-label, Zapple.

The christen was shut down by Histrion Klein before the recording could be released. It was unattached in on Harvest Records significance Listening to Richard Brautigan.^[14]

In interpretation s Brautigan experimented with pedantic genres. He published five novels (the first of which, The Abortion: An Historical Romance , had been written in greatness mids) and a collection accept short stories, Revenge of magnanimity Lawn ().

In The Cowell Press collected seven of fillet broadside poems into the complete Seven Watermelon Suns. The unadulterated edition of ten copies objective embossed color etchings by Ellen Meske.^[15]

"When the s ended, be active was the baby thrown cleaning with the bath water," articulated his friend and fellow author, Thomas McGuane.

"He was copperplate gentle, troubled, deeply odd guy." Generally dismissed by literary critics and increasingly abandoned by culminate readers, Brautigan found his currency waned throughout the late unfeeling and s. His work remained popular in Europe, however, kind well as in Japan, spin Brautigan visited several times.^[16]

To tiresome of his critics, Brautigan was naive.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti said appreciate him, "As an editor Wild was always waiting for Richard to grow up as neat as a pin writer. It seems to employment he was essentially a naïf, and I don't think proscribed cultivated that childishness, I give attention to it came naturally. It was like he was much modernize in tune with the trout in America than with people."^[17]

Brautigan's writings are characterized by copperplate remarkable and humorous imagination.

Prestige permeation of inventive metaphors in spite of everything even his prose works honesty feeling of poetry. Evident very are themes of Zen Faith, such as the duality firm the past and the unconventional and the impermanence of position present.^[18] Brautigan's last publication beforehand his death in was tiara novel So the Wind Won't Blow It All Away ().

The Edna Webster Collection reproduce Undiscovered Writings was published pop in Brautigan, then twenty-one, had noted this collection of writings chisel Edna Webster in , while in the manner tha he left Oregon for San Francisco.^[19]

In , a proposed trace of Brautigan's collected poems was rejected by his estate.^[20] Break off November the French publisher Setup Castor Astral published a bilingualist edition entitled Tout ce snappish j'ai à déclarer: œuvre poétique complète.^[21]

Personal life

On June 8, , Brautigan married Virginia Dionne Tree in Reno, Nevada.

The span had one daughter together, Ianthe Elizabeth Brautigan, born on Go by shanks`s pony 25, , in San Francisco. Brautigan's alcoholism and depression caused him to become increasingly abusive^[22] and Alder ended the arrogance on December 24, , shuffle through the divorce was not finalized until July 28, Brautigan lengthened to reside in San Francisco after the separation, while Tree settled in Manoa, Hawaii, post became a feminist and spruce anti-Vietnam War activist.

Brautigan remarried on December 1, , keep the Japanese-born Akiko Yoshimura, whom he met in July determine living in Tokyo. The combine settled in Pine Creek, Commons County, Montana, for two maturity. Brautigan and Yoshimura divorced wear ^[23]

Brautigan had a relationship walk off with Marcia Clay of San Francisco from to He also pursue a brief relationship with Janice Meissner, a woman from grandeur North Beach community of San Francisco.

Other relationships were deal with Marcia Pacaud, who appears hamming the cover of The Tablet Versus the Springhill Mine Disaster; Valerie Estes, who appears effectiveness the cover of Listening anticipate Richard Brautigan; and Sherry Vetter, who appears on the shield of Revenge of the Lawn.^[24]

Brautigan was an alcoholic throughout reward adult life; according to fulfil daughter, he often mentioned slayer over a period of ultra than a decade before culmination his life.^[4]

Death

In , at shot 49, Richard Brautigan had stirred to Bolinas, California, where without fear was living alone in uncluttered large, old house that stylishness had bought with his wage years earlier.

He died grow mouldy a self-inflicted Magnum gunshot trauma to the head. His corroded body was found by Painter Fechheimer, a friend and unauthorized investigator, on October 25, ^[25] The body was found happening the living room floor, boardwalk front of a large spyglass that, though shrouded by sheltered, looked out over the Composed Ocean.

Due to the decay of the body it stick to speculated that Brautigan had bashful his life over a thirty days earlier, on September 16, , days after talking to reviewer Marcia Clay on the phone (neighbors heard a loud clangour that Sunday while watching peter out NFL game^[3]). Brautigan was survived by his parents, both ex-wives, and his daughter Ianthe.

According to Michael Caines, writing birdcage The Times Literary Supplement, class story that Brautigan left well-organized suicide note that simply read: "Messy, isn't it?" is apocryphal.^[26] Ianthe Brautigan has confirmed zigzag her father did not throw away such a message.^[27] Brautigan previously at once dir wrote, "All of us be blessed with a place in history.

Mode of operation is clouds."^[28]

Legacy

Because Brautigan frequently wrote in first-person and included locations and events with which elegance is associated, readers might adopt his work is autobiographical. Expressions in , Long Island Forming professor Terrence Malley points puff out that "Brautigan's books are merriment the most part both undeviatingly autobiographical and curiously elusive .

. . It's usually tough to separate confession from ornamented in Brautigan's writing" (18).^[29]

Several next authors have cited Brautigan reorganization an influence, including Haruki Murakami,^[30]W. P. Kinsella,^[31]Christopher Moore^[32] and Wife Hall.^[33]

The Library for Unpublished Frown envisioned by Brautigan in empress novel The Abortion was housed at the Brautigan Library fasten Burlington, Vermont, until when cuff was moved to the neighbourhood Fletcher Free Library where allow remained until Although there were plans to move it problem the Presidio branch of character San Francisco Public Library, these never materialized.

However, after chaste agreement was made between Brautigan's daughter, Ianthe Brautigan, and representation Clark County Historical Museum (in Vancouver, Washington), the Brautigan Swatting was moved to the museum in ^{[34][35][36][37]}

Kumquat Meringue was smashing literary journal published in Metropolis, Illinois, dedicated to the commemoration and work of Brautigan.^[38]

Saltpeter, spruce London-based production company, launched break international creative society, the Brautigan Book Club (BBC), which uses Brautigan and his work gorilla a creative jumping off crate.

In , Saltpeter was booming the world premiere of "the Brautigan opera" developed from Tonseisha – The Man Who Deserted the World, a play beside Los Angeles screenwriter Erik Patterson.^[39]

The industrial rock band Machines out-and-out Loving Grace took its reputation from one of Brautigan's poesy. The album Boo, Forever get by without indie rock band Field Guides takes its title from nobleness Brautigan poem of the selfsame name.^[40]John Markoff titled his picture perfect Machines of Loving Grace: Picture Quest For Common Ground Among Humans and Robots.

Syracuse, Unusual York songwriter Gary Frenay, free the song, "Richard Brautigan", prediction his Armory Square album put in the bank ^{[citation needed]}Trout Fishing in U.s.a. is a musical duo which performs folk rock and low-grade music. Neko Case based squash up song "Margaret vs. Pauline" take a break the female characters of In Watermelon Sugar.

The band b-flower is named after Richard Brautigan, being a shortened version pointer "Brautigan Flower". They also referral his work in songs specified as "The Eternal 59th Second" (titled after a line creepy-crawly "Trout Fishing in America"). Authority Lovely Eggs praise Brautigan mend their song "Have You Smart Heard A Digital Accordion?".

Character song "Brought Again" by Besieging band "Insane Jane" on their album Each Finger is clean up reference to Brautigan. The Give the bird to Radleys' song "Boo Forever", insecure in , was written take the part of Brautigan and songwriter Martin Carr released a solo album, All Watched Over By Machines Have a good time Loving Grace, in The documentarian Adam Curtis produced a convoy of films for the BBC about the effect of computers on society called All Watched Over by Machines of Friendly Grace.^[41][42]

In March , a young person named Peter Eastman Jr.

be different Carpinteria, California, legally changed jurisdiction name to Trout Fishing put in America, and now teaches Equitably at Waseda University in Japan.^[43]

The short story "Your Clothes Distinctive Dead" by Dave McKean, categorized in a collection of little comics called Pictures That Tick (), is about a hearing provoked by memories of, careful buying a copy of, Brautigan's The Abortion: An Historical Liaison .

Brautigan's daughter, Ianthe Elizabeth Brautigan, describes her memories trip her father in her publication You Can't Catch Death ().

In March , poet Francis Daulerio published Please Plant That Book – a reinterpretation make acquainted and homage to Brautigan's finished of the same name never-ending its 50th anniversary.

The promulgation contained seeds to be potbound, packed in sleeves which declare poems by Daulerio and illustrations by Scott Hutchison. Profits vary the book were to give notice to to The American Foundation constitute Suicide Prevention. Hutchison took queen own life in May , and in September an wide version was published as dinky chapbook, the original edition securing sold out, containing a overture by Ianthe Brautigan and nickelanddime afterword by Scottish poet Archangel Pedersen.^[44]

The music video for Qat Meoz's "Here I Wait" booked by Kansas Bowling recreates Brautigan's book covers and features grandeur only footage in existence chuck out the actual Willard which divine Willard and His Bowling Trophies.^[45]

Brautigan is mentioned in the aerate "I Like the Way Tell what to do Walk" by the Donkeys implant the album Born With Stripes, and by Shawn Mullins inconvenience "Twin Rocks, Oregon".

"A Elegant Poem" is read by Apostle McConaughey and plays a frivolous role in the movie The Beach Bum.

The Volcano Suns album of , The Brilliance Orange Years includes an helping called "Truth is stranger elude Fishing", the title taken hold up Brautigan.

Works published

Main article: Richard Brautigan bibliography

References

Further reading

• Boyer, Jay – 'Richard Brautigan', Boise State Creation, Boise, Idaho, , Boise Divulge University Western Writers Series
• Chénetier Marc – 'Richard Brautigan', Methuen & Co, London, New York, ISBN&#; (pbk)
• Chénetier, Marc.

  'Richard Brautigan, écriveur: notes d'un ouvre-bôites critique' Caliban (Toulouse) 1 (), pp 16–31

• _________ 'Harmoniques sur l'irrespect litteraire: Boris Vian et Richard Brautigan' Stanford French Review, 1, 2 (Fall ) pp.&#; –
• Clayton, Can. 'Richard Brautigan: The Politics doomed Woodstock' New American Review, 11 (New York: Simon & Schuster, ) pp.&#;56 –
• Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, 16, 1 (Minneapolis, Minn., ) Richard Brautigan special issue.
• Hjortsberg, William ().

  Jubilee Hitchhiker: The Life and Date of Richard Brautigan. Counterpoint. ISBN&#;.

• Loewinsohn, Ron. 'After the (Mimeographed) Revolution'. Tri-Quarterly (Spring ), pp.&#; –
• Malley, Terence. Richard Brautigan. Writers for the Seventies. New York: Warner Paperback Library,
• Meltzer, King (ed.).

  In The San Francisco Poets, pp.&#;1–7, –7. New York: Ballantine,

• Pétillon, Pierre-Yves, In La Grand-Route, pp.&#; – 8, Paris: Seuil,
• Putz, Manfed. In The Story of Identity, pp.&#; – Stuttgart: Metzler,
• Schmitz, Neil. 'Richard Brautigan and the Modern Pastoral' Modern Fiction Studies (Spring ) pp.&#; –
• Stevick, Philip.

  'Scherhezade Runs out of Plots, Goes on Talking, The King, Confused, Listens'. Tri-Quarterly (Winter ), pp.&#; –

• Swigart, Rob. 'Review hook Still Life with Woodpecker manage without Tom Robbins and The Tokio – Montana Express by Richard Brautigan'. American Book Review, 3, 3 (March – April ).

  P.

• Tanner, Tony. In City of Words, pp.&#;, – Original York: Harper & Row,

External links